The most common cover letter mistake is turning it into a prose version of the resume. A resume already lists what you did; a cover letter's job is to explain why it matters for this specific role and to give the reader something the resume's bullet-point format can't — context, reasoning, and voice.
A simple 4-paragraph structure
- Opening: name the specific role and one concrete reason you're a fit for it — not a generic "I'm excited to apply"
- Body paragraph 1: pick ONE relevant achievement from your background and explain the reasoning or context behind it — the "why" the resume bullet doesn't have room for
- Body paragraph 2: connect that achievement (or a second one) directly to something specific in the job description or the company's situation, showing you actually read the posting
- Closing: a direct, low-pressure call to action — invite the conversation rather than oversell yourself
What to leave out
- A full walkthrough of your job history — that's what the resume is for
- Generic enthusiasm with no specifics ("I've always been passionate about...") that could apply to any company
- Restating your job title and dates, which are already on the resume attached to the same application
- Anything explaining a career gap or change unless it's directly relevant — save that for the interview if it comes up